About Egyptian people - were they white or black?

Egyptian People

Over the last twenty years, many people in the United States have been arguing over whether the Egyptians were black or white.This is what is clear: Egyptians came in a lot of different skin colors, some lighter and some darker. You can see from the picture here that when Egyptians drew pictures of themselves, they showed themselves as a sort of reddish-brown color, with black hair and eyes.

Egypt lies between places where people have lighter skin, like Germany, and places where people have darker skin, like Kenya. Therefore Egyptians have, and had in antiquity, skin which was also medium in color. It is hard to say that they are really white or black; those are terms which have a lot of meaning in the United States, but not so much meaning in Egypt or the rest of North Africa. They were related to other Africans, and they spoke a Hamitic language, which means they spoke a language that was distantly related to the Semitic languages Hebrew and Arabic. This shows us that the Egyptians were also distantly related to their neighbors to the east, the Semitic Jews and Arabs.

Here are some photographs of modern people from West Asia and Africa:

Arafat
Arafat, a Palestinian
from Western Asia
Hussein
Saddam Hussein,
from Iraq
Nasser
Nasser, from Egypt
Woman from Kenya
A woman from Kenya
You can see that Arafat's skin is paler, and the woman from Kenya is darker, and the others are somewhere inbetween. Ancient Egyptians also, in their own paintings, showed northerners as lighter than themselves, and southerners as darker:
West Asians
people from Western Asia
Egyptian man
man from Egypt
Queen of Punt
Queen of Punt (Ethiopia)

Nubians
People from Nubia, south of Egypt, as the Egyptians drew them.

To find out about Egyptian families, schools, and slavery, click on the links.

To find out more about this debate, check out these books from Amazon.com or from your library:

Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilization (The Fabrication of Ancient Greece 1785-1985), by Martin Bernal (1987). This is the book that started the debate, but it's too hard to read for most people. Some parts of it are probably right - that 19th and 20th c. classicists were racists - and other parts are probably wrong, like that Egypt had colonies in Greece. (He doesn't actually argue that the Egyptians were black).

Not Out of Africa: How Afrocentrism Became an Excuse to Teach Myth As History, by Mary Lefkowitz (1997). Lefkowitz answers Bernal, taking a very conservative position, basically saying how great the Greeks were and denying connections to Egypt. But it's easier to read.

Main people page
Main Egypt page




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