Greek Olympic Games
Athletic competition

At first, the only athletic competition at the Olympics was a single short foot race, 170 meters long. (According to one story, that was how far Hercules could run on one breath.) For the first twelve Olympics, that's all there was. The whole thing was over in one morning, and most of the contestants seem to have been men from Elis or nearby city-states. In the footrace, men are thought to have worn shorts called zomas, but they ran barefoot along the dirt track. Men who were watching sat or stood along the sides on the grass. For prizes, the Eleians first gave out tripods, and then after the first seven Olympics they gave out branches from olive trees. (The branches were cut from Hera's sacred grove with a gold sickle, by a boy whose parents were both living).

About 724 BC the Eleians added two longer races. One was for 370 meters and the other one was 4400 meters (about three miles). A short time after this, about 720 BC, men began to run naked, to get more speed. Some people said the first man to run naked was a Spartan named Acanthus, but other people told different stories about it. For each race there were several heats, so the weaker runners could be eliminated.

And they had a hoplite race, where the men ran in armor (in later times anyway, they actually only wore a helmet and carried a spear).

Then in 700 BC, the Eleians added wrestling and the pentathlon to the Olympic Games. The pentathlon means five events. We only know what four of them were: they were running, javelin, discus, and jumping. Javelin means throwing a spear to a faraway target, and discus was throwing a heavy bronze thing like a Frisbee as far as you could. They seem to have had these events separately as well as all together.

We have only two figures for the Olympic long jump in ancient times. One was 52 feet and one was 55 feet. Nobody can jump that far (the modern record is about 27 feet). So most people think this must have been for two or three jumps.

And in 688 BC, they added boxing and chariot racing. Chariot racing was a little different from the other events, because the prize went to the owner of the horses, not to the charioteer. (This is still true in horse racing today). Of course the owners of these racehorses had to be very rich, to buy such good horses and train them. It was a big status symbol to race horses at the Olympic Games.

By this time, the games took up five whole days - two for religious ceremonies and three for the races and fights. Now people began coming from further away. And the games got richer, so they started to give prizes of money instead of just tree branches.

1. NUCLEUS
2. GOLGI BODY
3. MITOCHONDRIA