Timeline: 1000-500 BC
By 1000 BC, people in West Asia and Europe were starting to come
out of their Dark Age.
An important technological development is that most people now learned
how to use iron to make tools
and weapons, so this is the Iron Age.
In Italy, we find the Etruscans
moving in and establishing small kingdoms known as city-states
all over. They conquered Rome, and made it into a city-state too.
Greece also developed
many small city-states, including Athens and Sparta; this was the
time when Homer was writing.
The Phoenicians
colonized the southern Mediterranean coast, with more small city-states,
and the Greeks colonized the northern Mediterranean with other city-states.
In Egypt, the late dynasties
were often dominated by other African powers, especially the people
of Aksum to their south.
In West Asia, on the other hand, the Assyrians
gradually took over many of the smaller states like Israel
or Phoenicia. They established a big powerful empire. When the Assyrian
Empire declined, in the 600's BC, Nebuchadnezzar established a Neo-Babylonian
Empire.
Another wave of Indo-European
migration moved into Persia (modern Iran) around the 600's BC, and
became known as the Persians.
By 539 BC, Cyrus the Great, king of the Persians, had conquered pretty
much all of West Asia and created the Persian Empire. Cyrus' conversion
to Zoroastrianism
created a great religious shift towards monotheism.
In India, this is the time
of the Buddha, and the foundation of Buddhism, and in China,
it is the time of Confucius.
500-0 BC
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