Ishtar
Ishtar (also called Inanna) was an important goddess of West Asia. Beginning at least by 3000 BC she was worshipped by the Sumerians, and by the Akkadians, and the Babylonians, and the Assyrians. Like most other female goddesses, Ishtar was a fertility goddess, but she was fiercer and more powerful than the Greek goddesses like Athena or Aphrodite. According to one story, when the Sumerian king Gilgamesh refused to be her boyfriend, she killed his best friend, Enkidu.
In another story, Ishtar is jealous of her son Tammuz,
who brings life to the earth, so she kills him. Then everything on earth
dies (like in winter) and Ishtar is sorry, and she has to go beg her
sister Allatu, the goddess of the underworld, to let Tammuz come back.
But he can only come back for half the year, in the spring and summer
- he still has to spend the fall and winter in the underworld. (Compare
this to the Greek story of Persephone).
People sacrificed
animals to Ishtar, and prayed
to her in her temples.
After most people in West Asia converted to Zoroastrianism,
around 500 BC, Ishtar gradually became less
important to them.
To find out more about Ishtar, check out these books from Amazon.com or from your library:
Ishtar and Tammuz: A Babylonian Myth of the Seasons, by C. J. Moore (1996). For kids.
Inanna: From the Myths of Ancient Sumer, by Enheduanna, Linda Wolfsgruber, and Kim Echlin (2003). Another retelling of Ishtar stories, for high schoolers.
Gods, Goddesses, and Monsters: An Encyclopedia of World Mythology, by Sheila Keenan (2000). For kids.
Religion in Ancient Mesopotamia, by Jean Bottero (2001).
